Everything about Pedro Celestino Negrete totally explained
Pedro Celestino Negrete (
1777–
1846) was a Spanish general in
New Spain and later provisional
president of Mexico, from
March 31,
1823 to
October 10,
1824.
He was born in
Spain. He belonged to the
royalist army and, during the
War of Independence, he fought the
insurgents. In
1821 he was a supporter of the
Plan de Iguala.
After
Agustín de Iturbide had crowned himself
Emperor of Mexico, however, he decided to lend his support to the
Plan de Casa Mata and, using his friendship with Iturbide, exerted pressure for him to
abdicate. Once Iturbide was dethroned, the executive authority was without representation, and so
Congress created a
provisional government composed of
General Pedro Celestino Negrete, General
Nicolás Bravo and General
Guadalupe Victoria; however, since the latter two were absent,
José Mariano Michelena,
Miguel Domínguez and General
Vicente Guerrero were designated in their place. On
October 4,
1824 the
Constitution of the United Mexican States was promulgated, adopting the system of
republican,
representative, popular,
federal government.
The country was divided into nineteen free and
sovereign states, four territories that depended on the center, and the
Federal District. Also, the government was divided into
legislative,
executive and
judicial branches. This Constitution was largely inspired by the
checks and balances of the
United States Constitution, of the
French Constitution and the one of
Cádiz. It was in force from
October 4,
1824 to
April 30,
1836, when it was replaced by
Santa Anna's
centralist rewrite.
General Negrete remained in control of the executive authority until
October 10,
1824, when General
Guadalupe Victoria assumed the position. Although the fortress of
San Juan de Ulúa — the last redoubt of Spanish power in
Mexico, in the port of
Veracruz — had been abandoned in
1825, some
Peninsulares still entertained notions about restoring the
monarchy, taking advantage of the general displeasure felt against the independent government. Thus, the
friars
Joaquín Arenas and
Francisco Martínez, along with some Mexican and Spanish military officers, including Negrete and Echávarri, rebelled against the government of
Guadalupe Victoria. On
January 9,
1827 this conspiracy was discovered. The leaders were judged, the friars were sentenced to death, and Negrete and Echávarri were exiled. Pedro Celestino Negrete left for
France. He died in
Bordeaux in
1846.
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